Gaya Pilgrimage

BODHGAYA: As the place of the Buddha's Enlightenment, Bodhgaya is the spiritual home of Buhddhists. It attracts tens of thousands of believers from all over the world. Bodhgaya situated near the river Niranjana, is one of the holiest Buddhist pilgrimage centres since it was here that Buddha attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree.

The population of this town is 22,000 and is situated at an altitude of 113 m. Maximum temperature in summer rises to 45-47 degree Celsius and minimum is 27 degree, while in winter maximum is 28 degree and minimum is 4 degree. It receives an annual rainfall of 1,860 mm. Most countries with vast Buddhist population have a temple or monastery here.The 25 m Great Buddha Statue in the Japanese Kamakura style was unveiled by his holiness Dalai Lama in 1989.

Places of Interest :

Mahabodhi Temple
The Mahabodhi temple is an imposing brick structure that is enclosed on three sides by an ancient stone railing. The temple celebrates the birth of Buddhism, for it is under a tree adjacent to this temple, that Prince Siddhartha became the Buddha by attaining enlightenment.

The Mahabodhi temple has a giant pyramidal structure (sikhara) which rises to a height of 54 m. It has a quadrangular base and four spires at the corners. It can be seen for miles around and distinguishes Bodhgaya from other Buddhist centres. Inside it you will find a gilded image of the Buddha. The bricks in the oldest part of the temple have been fitted together without the use of cement. It stands at the site of a shrine built by King Ashoka, who ruled over Magadha during the 3rd century BC. The present structure was most recently renovated in the 1880s, but is believed to have been rebuilt and restored during the 6 and 7th centuries and again in the 11th Century.

Buddhists from other parts of the world have been closely linked to this temple. During the 4th century, the Sri Lankan King, Sri Meghavanna built a monastery in Bodhgaya. Another Sri Lankan monk Mahanama visited the place in 588 AD and built a shrine with a statue of the Buddha. The remains of this can still be seen near the northern staircase leading to the temple. The monastery was still there in the 7th century when Xuan Zhang travelled to India and it was also recorded by Dharmasvamin, another traveller and a monk from Sri Lanka, who visited the place in the 13th century.

Buddhists of Burma have had a long, close relationship with Bodhgaya. Since the 11th century, they have donated large sums of money and several Burmese kings have sent missions to Bodhgaya to carry out repairs at the temple. Details of the first of these missions can still be found in inscriptions at the Shway Sandaw Pagoda in Prome, Burma.

In the 19th century, the British Lt Governor of Bengal, Sir Ashley Eden appointed Sir Alexander Cunningham and J D Beglar to excavate and restore the temple. This four-year project began in 1880, and cost Rs 2,00,000, money raised mostly from overseas Buddhists. The restoration by Beglar was based on a miniature model found during excavation. There was a hue and cry about Beglar's lack of understanding of Indian architecture and some believe that his attempt actually damaged the ruins. In 1956 the temple was renovated with the help of large international grants. Today the restored temple looks majestic. However, in spite of its historical significance, the temple has not yet been declared a protected monument.

Stone railing
A stone railing that dates to 100 BC, built during the reign of the Sunga dynasty, surrounds the Mahabodhi temple on three sides. It is the oldest of the excavated evidence in Bodhgaya but only part of the original structure is still in place. You can find the rest in museums in Calcutta and London. This carved stone railing is two metres high and has been restored over the years. Inscriptions on the railings indicate that it was built after the original temple and was gifted by women of royal patronage from the court of Indragnimitra and Brahmamitra.

Bodhi Tree
The Bodhi tree (Ficus religiosa) which lies behind the main temple was planted in the nineteenth century and is believed to be a descendent of the original tree under which Buddha attained enlightenment. It is also called the Bo, peepul or tree of knowledge.

Pilgrims tie prayer flags to its branches and meditate under it. Cemented railingsh ave recently been erected around the tree. Monks and devotees sit around the tree in the early hours of the morning (beginning at 4.30 am) to meditate and chant. You will be imbued with the sense of peace and serenity that is in the air, even if you are not meditating.

Vajrasana (Diamond throne or thunder seat)
Vajrasana is the large rectangular slab of polished chunnar (red sandstone), covered with a gold canopy, that you will see under the Bodhi tree. This is the spot, it is popularly believed, where Buddha was sitting when he attained enlightenment. The top is decorated with an unusual geometric design that has faded considerably. Visiting monks decorate the place with flowers and place an urn on it to collect donations or offerings.


Animeshlochana Chaitya (temple)
This whitewashed temple stands slightly off the walk to the Mahabodhi temple. It is a miniature of the Mahabodhi temple and is said to mark the spot where the Buddha spent a week gazing at the Bodhi tree in gratitude after attaining enlightenment. He is supposed to have stood here unblinking (animesh). Hindu pilgrims also frequent this spot since they worship Buddha as the ninth incarnation of Vishnu.

Cankamana (Promenade or Lotus walk)
This is a raised platform to the north of the Mahabodhi temple and is part of the temple complex. This is called the Jewel Promenade Shrine. The structure marks the place where the Buddha paced to and fro in meditation. Legend has it that wherever he stepped, a lotus flower (a symbol of knowledge) sprang up and this is depicted through the 18 lotus flowers carved on the platform.

Ratanaghara Chaitya
A marble plank marks this site within the temple premises. Some believe that the Buddha emitted dazzling colourful lights while in deep meditation here.

Mucalinda Tank
About a mile south of the Mahabodhi Temple, is a dry pond called Mucalinda tank where the Buddha is supposed to have spent his sixth week after enlightenment. It is not the large pond filled with lotuses, next to the Ashokan Pillar, to the south of the temple. The Mucalinda Tank is dry.


Stupas
The Mahabodhi temple complex is dotted with an abundance of stupas. A majority of them date back to the Pala period (8th to 12th century) though there are older ones too. These stupas were built by pilgrims who came from Buddhist countries like Burma (Myanmar), Sri Lanka, and Tibet. You can easily identify the colourfully painted Tibetan stupas.

Ashoka's Pillar
At the south-east corner of the temple stands a part of the Ashokan pillar. Originally erected at Bodhgaya, this pillar was found near Gaya and was moved here in 1956.

Hindu Temples
Also within the premises of the Mahabodhi temple, is a row of Hindu shrines. These temples probably came up during the period of struggle between Brahmanical and Buddhist sects. The first of these shrines has an interesting collection of Buddha statues that are now confusingly dressed up to look like Hindu deities. Brahman priests here, who look distinctly different from the Buddhist monks, will probably ask you for a donation.


Rajbejatan
The Rajayatana Tree is believed to be the spot where the Buddha spent time preaching to two seekers of the Truth. While the actual site has not been identified yet, a marble inscription stands as a dummy.


Niranjana or Falgu River

This river is a natural landmark that attracts tourists who like to wade in the water to cool off, especially in the summer. The river is wide, sandy and shallow even in the rainy season. It's a great picnic spot for tourists who want to sit around on the banks under shady trees.



Sujata's Stupa

According to legend, when Prince Siddhartha was ailing after practising severe penance, a woman named Sujata offered him some kheer (rice pudding) which helped him recover miraculously. This stupa is supposed to mark the spot where she found him. However, there are some doubts about the authenticity of the location. You can reach the stupa after crossing the bridge across the river and walking along a trail across paddy fields for 15 minutes. The local caretaker of this abandoned site has made it his business to maintain a record of visitors after which you will be asked to make a donation. On the way to this location, you will pass villages, the heartland of rural India.


Archaeological Museum

Near the ITDC Ashok hotel and a short walk from the temple, is a museum with a large, interesting collection of relics (Buddhist and Hindu) along with terracotta seals, scriptures and railings/pillars from the Sunga period (1 BC to 1 AD). You can admire the ancient statues of the Buddha and the Bodhisattvas, one of which has an inscription that dates back to 383 AD. Also on display, is a carved stone model of the original temple, found during excavation. As you enter the garden, a life-size statue of Buddha in black stone welcomes you. Unfortunately the statue's head is missing. Entry to the museum costs Rs 5. It is open from 10 am to 5 pm and closed on Friday. Some publications and books on Bodhgaya and Buddhist art and architecture are for sale at the ticket counter. Photography is prohibited inside the museum. If you happen to visit the museum during the off-season period, insist on the hall lights being switched on.


Modern monasteries

Buddhists of different countries have, over the years, built temples in their own particular architectural styles in Bodhgaya. Some of them are worth a visit:A Tibetan temple of the Gelgupa (yellow cap) sect with a huge prayer wheel, has its walls painted in traditional Tibetan style with scenes from the Buddha's life. It stands right next to the Mahabodhi guesthouse.The Chinese temple near it is a simpler structure, a more sober expression of faith.Wat Bodhgaya, the Thai temple is one of the more impressive monasteries in Bodhgaya. It was built in 1956 by the Thai King and the Indian Prime Minister as an initiative to strengthen relations between the two countries. The temple stands facing the main road, next to the tourist bungalow.A new, brightly painted Bhutanese temple can be found at the corner of the main road.There is a small Tibetan temple built by the Kagyu sect that stands close to the Bhutanese temple.Two Japanese temples (the Daijokyo and Indosan Nipponji) have a simple design with neat gardens. Nearby is the Giant Buddha statue, which is 24 m tall and has the Buddha seated in the Dhyan Mudra position.

Climate

Although the pilgrimage season starts in September, the best time to visit Bodhgaya is between November and February. This is when the daytime temperature is normally a pleasant 14° to 18°C; in the night it drops to 4°C. In April, when the Buddha Jayanti is celebrated, a large number of devotees flock to Bodhgaya from the world over, but it is terribly hot. June is the hottest month and is certainly avoidable as the temperature can soar to a searing 47°C; in the night it drops to a still warm, 28°C. June-end to September is the monsoon. If you intend to meditate under the Bodhi tree, you will have to bear with either heat, rain or crowds of devotees.

Bodhgaya History

Prince Siddhartha Gautama of the Saakya tribe came here in 528 BC, in search of the truth. He had renounced life as a prince, broken family ties, practised severe penance and trained under several teachers for six years before he came to Bodhgaya (then called Uruvela). It was while meditating under a peepul tree here that he gained spiritual enlightenment or Bodh.

Much of the town's history is known from inscriptions on the stone railing of the Mahabodhi Temple and the accounts of travellers and pilgrims. Excavations carried out since the 19th century have revealed interesting examples of art and architecture. Of particular importance is a model of the original temple that was found during excavation.

During the 4th century, Sri Lankan Buddhists gained control of the Mahabodhi temple as a result of the efforts of the Sri Lankan King Meghavanna. The king later built a monastery in Bodhgaya. During the Gupta period (4th to 6th century) the temple and its surrounding area went through many changes. Quite a few small shrines were constructed, but only the remains of their foundations can be seen today.

One of the most prosperous periods for the temple was during the reign of the Pala kings of Bengal (8th to 12th century). The temple received lavish donations and gifts from the Pala rulers and other Buddhists of Bengal. During this time it was also an important centre for learning. The famous Bengali scholar Atista, who is credited with playing an important role in the resurgence of Buddhism in Tibet, was ordained here.

With the decline of Buddhism in India in the 12th and 13th centuries, Bodhgaya became less frequented and almost all its temples and shrines fell to ruin. Four centuries later, attempts to restore the art and architecture, and revive the place as a centre for pilgrimage began once again. Today, Bodhgaya is the most important Buddhist pilgrimage centre in the world. It is a fairly quiet, small town that explodes into a colourful, tented Buddhist pilgrimage centre every winter.

How to get there:

Bodhgaya is 12 km from Gaya, 140 km from Patna, 66 km from Rajgir and 482 km from Calcutta.

Air: Patna is the nearest airport with regular flights to Delhi, Ranchi, Lucknow, Calcutta, Chennai, Mumbai. Calcutta, 482 km, has an international airport.

Rail: Gaya is the nearest railway station. Several superfast as well as express trains are available from Gaya. Gaya is on the main Delhi to Calcutta line and there are direct trains to Delhi, Calcutta, Varanasi, Puri and Patna.

Road: Bihar State Road Transport Corporation (SRTC) has bus services to Gaya, Patna, Nalanda and Rajgir. The main bus stand is opposite the Mahabodhi Temple. Private buses and taxis are also easily available.

Dharamsala Pilgrimage

Located at a distance of about 185km from Shimla, the Himalayan pilgrimage town of Dharamshala overlooks plains surrounded by beautiful Deodar forests & pine trees.

A busy sacred town, Dharamshala today has become synonymous to Buddhist culture & religion. The spirituality, serenity & peacefulness of Dharamshala complimented by snowlined streams is what attracts thousands of tourists to this beautiful Himalayan destination.

While Dharamshala was once used only as the base camp for trekkers & mountaineers interested in exploring the mountains, the place today has established as a major Buddhist pilgrimage destination. The Gompas, colorful temples & places like Kotwali Bazar largely reflect the simple lifestyle, varying cultures & flavor of the place. While Dharamshala is mainly dominated by the Tibetan community, the place continues to retain the fervor & colonial lifestyle of the British.

Major Attractions in Dharamshala

Mcleod Ganj

The arrival of the Tibetan spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, along with thousands of refugees to Dharamshala in 1959 made the life here more active. A number of tibetan settlements with religious education and other rehabilitation centres mushroomed all over the Mcleadganj. As Dharamshala became the headquarter of the Tibetan Government in exile, headed by Dalai Lama, it gained prominence all over the world and prominent personalities started arriving here. Mcleadganj emerged as a major Buddhist centre.

Bhagsunag Fall

Known for its old temple, a fresh water spring, water falls and slate quarries. You can take a dip in the chilly water of fall.

St. John's Church

It has a monument dedicated to Lord Elgin, one of the viceroys of India, who died at Chauntra ( Mandi district ) and was buried here in 1863 A.D. The Church has lovely spotted glass windows and there is a Christian cemetery around it. It is ideally situated in the majestic 'Deodar' forest.

Dharamkot

It is situated on the crest of a hill, this favourite picnic spot affords a panoramic view of the kangra valley and the Dhauladhar ranges.

War Memorial

Situated in Dharamshala town. The memorial is situated near the entry point to Dharamshala commemorates the memory of those who fought valiantly for the honour and defence of the mother land.

Kunal Pathari

A level walk from Kotwali Bazar leads upto the rock temple of the local goddess.

Kareri

Kareri lake is surrounded by green meadows, Oak and Pine trees, making it an idyllic place to visit.

Dal Lake

Lies amidst hills and deodar tress and is 11 km. from Lower Dhramshala. It is a starting point for excursion and trekking and is located next to Tibetan children's village.

Jwalamukhi Temple

It is nearly two-hour excursion would take guest to the famous Jwalamukhi Temple, dedicated to the Goddess of Light. There is no idol to worship as such in the temple. Rather a constantly burning blue flame emanating from inside the rocks is worshipped.

Kangra Art Museum

Kangra Art Museum is treasure trove of the Kangra valleys arts, crafts and rich past, display artifacts that date back to the 5th Century. It includes a gallery of famous paintings and a representative collection of sculptures, pottery and anthropological items. Shamiyanas and local dresses used by local royalty, old carved doors, jail and pndals are also on display. Coins jewellery and manuscripts are included. A section houses the works of conteporary artists, sculptures and photographers.

How to Reach Dharamsala

Air : Airlines flies to Gaggal airport at Dharamshala thrice a week from Delhi and Kulu.

Rail : Pathankot (90kms) is the nearest railway station from Dharamsala. Another convenient railhead is Amritsar

Road : A good network of roads connects Dharamsala with many prominent cities and tourist destinations.

Dwarka Pilgrimage

Dwarka city, on the west coast of Gujarat on the shore of the Arabian Sea, features in most of the legends surrounding Lord Krishna. It is from here that the grown Lord Krishna is supposed to have ruled his kingdom. Dwarka is a significant pilgrimage site for the Hindus.


Dwarka city is sanctified as the place where Lord Vishnu slew the demon Shankhasura. The Puranas mention the 12 Jyotirlingas or columns of light representing Lord Shiva which manifested in different parts of the country. One of these is located in Dwarka and is known as the Nageshwar Mahadev. The Jagat Mandir or Nij Mandir forms the sanctum of the Dwarkadish temple and dates back to 2500 years. Jagat Mandir has its own hall of audience and a conical spire. The roof of the hall is supported by 60 columns and the main temple rises five storeys high. The spire rises to a height of 157 feet and is richly carved. One of the most popular temples in Dwarka is that of Rukmini, Krishna's wife, considered an incarnation of Goddess Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and beauty. The Sharad Peetha, one of the four Maths established by Jagatguru Shankaracharya, is also situated here.

Pilgrimage Attractions

Dwarkadheesh Temple
The temple of Dwarkadheesh, also known as Jagat Mandir, is built on the north bank of the Gomti Creek. The temple dates back to 2,500 years. Architecturally the temple is constructed on the same plan and system as most of the Hindu sacred edifices of antiquity. Sixty columns support the roof of the audience hall of the Jagat Mandir. The main temple is five-story high with the lavishly carved conical spire rising to a height of 157 feet. There is the one-meter tall, four handed black idol of Ranchhodrai, the ruler of Dwarika. Amongst the large number of temples belonging to different periods in the history of Dwarka, the most popular with pilgrims is the temple of Rukmini, Lord Krishna's wife, who is considered an incarnation of Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and beauty.


In addition to its temples and legends, Dwarka is also sanctified as the seat of Adi Shankaracharya, who established four seats (maths) in four different directions in the country. Research work in Sanskrit is carried on at the Shankaracharya's seat known as Sharad Peetha.

Rukmini Devi Temple
This small temple, 1.5km north of town, is an architectural masterpiece. Rukmini is the most important of Krishna's 16,108 wives. The temple walls are decorated with beautiful paintings depicting her pastimes with Krishna. This temple is said to date back to the 12th century.

The story behind this temple is that one day, Durvasa Muni, who is easily angered, was invited by Lord Krishna and his wife, Rukmini, to dinner. When a person is invited to dinner, etiquette dictates that the host should not eat until the guest has been satisfied. On the way to dinner, Rukmini became thirsty and asked Krishna for help. Krishna then put his foot in the ground and the Ganges waters flowed forth from the earth while Durvasa was not looking. As Rukmini was drinking the water, however, Durvasa turned and saw her drinking without his permission. He became angry and cursed her to live apart from Lord Krishna. That is why Krishna's temple is in the town and hers is located outside the town.

Gomati Ghat Temples
Gomati, the descended Ganges, meets the sea at Chakra-tirtha Ghat. To take bath where the Gomati meets the ocean is said to offer liberation. If you go out the back entrance of the Dwarkadish Temple, you can see the Gomati River. The temple is located almost at the spot where the Gomati meets the ocean.

The Samudra Narayana Temple (Sangam Narayana) is an imposing temple at the confluence of the Gomati and the sea. Panchanada Tirtha consists of five sweet-water wells surrounded by seawater. At Chakra Narayana, Lord Vishnu was manifested as a stone marked with a chakra on the seashore. The Gomatiji Temple has an image of the Gomati River in it, said to have been brought down from heaven by Vasistha Muni.

Nageswara Mahadeva Temple contains one of the twelve Siva Jyotirlingas in an underground sanctum. It is located 10km from Dwarka.

Gopi-tallava is the kund (pond) where Lord Krishna met the gopis when they came to see him at Dwarka. The sacred clay from Gopi-tallava is known as gopi-candana and is used by devotees of Krishna to make the tilak marks on their bodies. It is 20km north of Dwarka on the way to Bet Dwarka.

Bhalka Tirth
The spot where Lord Krishna was mistaken for a deer and struck by a arrow hile sleeping in a deerskin. It is said Lord Krishna was cremated at Dehotsarga at Triveni Ghat.

Closeby lies Somnath with its shrine built by Soma, the Moon God. The Majestic monument as it stands today is a recent replication of the earlier construction. It is said that the original temple built by the Moon God was of gold. After it was razed to the ground it was rebuilt by Ravana in silver. When the silver temple was knocked down it was reconstructed in wood by Krishna and when this was pulled down an edifice of stone was erected by Bhimdev. Relics of the old Somnath shrine have been preserved in a museum housed in a temple. An interesting Sun Temple is also located in Somnath. Somnath is also one of the 12 Jyotirlingas or Shiva shrines in India.


Fairs and Festivals at Dwarka
Janmashtami (birthday of Lord Krishna), celebrated in the month of August/September, is a major festival of Dwarka.

How to Reach Dwarka

By Air
Jamnagar, 145 kilometres away, is the nearest airport.
By Rail
Dwarka is on the Western Railway line.
By Road
State Transport buses, private buses and taxis and conducted tours run to Dwarka.

Bhubaneswar Pilgrimage

The ancient capital of the Kalinga empire, and now the capital of Orissa, Bhubaneswar's history goes back over 2000 years. "Bhubaneshwar" means the "abode of God" or "master of the universe" and it was also, once known as the 'Cathedral of the East', on account of the large number of shrines. At one time, the Bindu Sagar tank was bordered by over 7000 temples. Of these, 500 still survive, all built in the extravagant Oriya style. It is of these temples, that the great poet, Rabindranath Tagore had once said - 'At all places where the eye rests, and also at places where the eye does not rest, the busy chisel of the artist has worked incessantly. The abode of god has been enveloped by a variety of figures depicting the good and the evil, the great as well as the insignificant, the daily occurrences of human life....'

Since primeval days various people have inhabited the land of Orissa. The initial homesteaders of Orissa were primitive hill tribes like Saora or Sabar from the Mahabharata days. Most of the tribal people have been induced by Hindus and have embraced Hindu bearings, customs and ceremonies. Bonda Parajas of Koraput district is the foremost example of these tribes.

These tribes are not at all touched by neoteric edification and thus the tribal traditions have been left flawless through the ages. Each tribal group has its own distinct language, culture, religion and social customs.

Orissa is the state with 3rd highest centering of tribals with almost 62 tribes existing in the city today. The tribal population is located mainly in the Korapur, Phulbani, Sundargarh and Mayurbhanj districts.

The regional language of the city is Oriya belonging to Aryan family of languages and is closely associated to Assamese, Bengali and Maithili.

Pilgriamage Attractions of Bhuvaneshwar

 Temples
Most of the temples are located near the Bindu-sarovara Tank, which is about two km south of the city center. Lingaraja and Vital Duel Temples are located west of the tank. Parasumaresvara and Muktesvara temples are east of the tank. The Rajrani and Brahmesvara Temples are a ten to fifteen-minutes walk east of the Muktesvara Temple.

 Lingaraja Temple (11th century)
The presiding deity is the svayambhu linga, Hari-Hara Linga, which is half Siva and half Vishnu. He is also named Tribhuvaneswara, the Lord of the three worlds. The linga of Lingaraja, or Krittivasas, is an uncarved block of granite 8 feet in diameter raised 8 inches above the ground. The Siva linga is bathed daily with water, milk and bhang. There are many other deities in the temple. In the northeast corner of the temple there is a deity of Parvati.

 Muktesvara Temple
Muktesvara Temple Built in the 10th century, this small elegant temple has been described as the most exquisitely ornamented temple in Bhubaneswar. It has an 11m (35 feet) high tower. The sandstone carvings are the most notable feature of this temple. It is also known for its ornamental gateway, carved dwarves, and intricate motif carvings of a smiling lion, adorned with beaded tassels in its mouth. Muktesvara means the Lord who bestows freedom through yoga. The Siddeswara Temple is on the same grounds and has a Ganesh deity.


The small Marichi Kund, between the Mukesvara Temple and the road, is known to cure infertility in women. It is a pleasant place to sit for awhile.

 Parasurameswara Temple
This temple is the oldest Siva temple in Bhubaneswar, built in the late 7th century. There are many intricate carvings on this temple. It is close to the Bhubaneswar to Puri road, on the east side of Bindu-sarovara, northeast of the Lingaraja temple. It is the best preserved and most impressive of Bhubaneswar's early temples. It has interesting carvings of elephant and horse processions and intricately carved windows. In the corner of the countryard is the Sahasra-linga, which is 1000 small lingas joined together.

Raj Rani Temple
The Raj Rani Temple (11th century), which is surrounded by a nice garden is no longer used for worship. This temple was dedicated to Lord Brahma and is known for its well-carved tower. It is about a km east of the main road. It is one of the later Bhubaneswar temples. Around the temple are carvings of the eight dikpalas (temple guards), who protect the temple from the different directions. They are eight important demigods. They are Indra (east) the head of the demigods, Agni (southeast) god of fire, Yamaraja (south) god of death, Nirritti (southwest), Varuna(west) god of water, Vayu (northwest) god of air, Kubera(north) god of wealth, and Isana (northeast).

 Brahmeshwara Temple
This temple was built around 1050 and is a Siva-linga temple with active worship. It is known for its intricately carved sculptures. The main tower is over 18m high. It is about a km east of the main road, a good walk from the Raj Rani Temple. On the north wall of the porch is a carving of Laksmi.

 Vaital Deul Temple
This interesting 8th century temple is dedicated to Chamunda (Kali). She wears a necklace of skulls and is shown as the eight-armed slayer of the buffalo demon. Her necklace of skulls and the corpse she is sitting on are usually hidden by her robes. In her arms she holds a snake, a bow, a shield, a trident, a thunderbolt and an arrow with which she is piercing the neck of the demon, thus displaying the most terrifying aspect of the goddess Kali.

This temple is close to Bindu Sagar, and it has some intricate exterior carvings. To get a good view of the temple's interior, a flashlight (torch) is needed.

ISKCON Temple
The beautifully built ISKCON temple (413-517) is located on National Highway No.5, Nayapali. The Deities in the temple are Krishna Balaram, Jagannatha, Baladeva and Subhadra, and Gaura-Nitai. There is also a new Radha-Krishna temple. Srila Prabhupada laid the cornerstone for this temple in February 1977, and it was finished in 1992.

There is a small guesthouse here with rooms that have attached bathrooms. These rooms are not always available, but they are quite nice if you can get one. To stay here you have to follow the ashram rules. There is a fairly basic vegetarian restaurant here.

Festivals

The end of January is the time when the Tribal Fair comes around. February to March, Shivaratri is held at the Lingaraj Temple, Hakateswar Temple Atri and throughout Orissa. Magha Saptami is held at Khandagiri outside Bhubaneshwar.

At Ashokashtami, during April/May, the idol of Lord Lingaraja is taken out in procession, part of a chariot festival. Panashankanti (Fire-walking) takes place in various areas on the first day of Baisakh. In June/July, the impressive Rath Yatra takes place at Puri, Baripada and other parts of the state. Kali Puja, in October/November, the city is lit with lamps. Bali Yatra in October/November, a fair is held on the banks of the Mahanadi river in Cuttack.

How to Reach Bhubaneshwar

Air : Biju Patnaik Airport is the main airport in Bhubaneshwar. The Airport is connected to cities of Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Mumbai.

Rail : Bhubaneshwar Railway Station is well-connected to major cities and town of India.

Road : Good networks of road connect Bhubaneshwar with Berhampur, Puri, Purkela, Sambalpur and other parts of the state.

Accommodation

The hotels in Bhubaneshwar offer a wide array of choice for travellers. Famous hotels are

The New Marrion, Hotel Sishmo, Hotel Swosti, The Crown, Swosti Plaza, Hotel Keshari and Hotel Kalinga Ashok etc.

Vrindavan Pilgrimage

Vrindavan the birthplace of Lord Krishna is referred as 'Lila Bhumi', or the place where he revealed himself. It is here that Lord Krishna used to indulge in Raslila, the dance with Gopis, or milkmaids Govind Dev Temple is the most impressive building in Vrindavan and architecturally one of the most advanced Hindu temples in northern India. This temple was built in 1590 by Raja Man Singh of Amber in honour of the Divine Cowherd ( Krishna) but Aurangzeb lopped of the top four floors during one of his demolition sprees. Another important temple situated here is the Rangaji Temple whose architecture is a mixture of Rajput, South Indian and Italian style. Other temples in Vrindavan are the Krishna Balaram Temple, the Radha Ballabh Temple and the Madan Mohan Temple.

Attractions in the city

The Pagal Baba Temple : This temple was built by Pagal Baba and has eleven stories in all. It is considered to be one of the more modern pieces of architecture. The temple's creator, Pagal Baba, died only a few years ago but his infectious spirit lingers on in the playfulness of his disciples who are ready to welcome the devotees into the temple interior.

Bankey Bihari Temple : The Bankey Bihari temple houses a sacred image of Krishna known as Thakkur Ji, which shows Krishna with an almost blackened body. This one of the most important and vibrant temples in the city where one can expect to see devotees engaged in simple acts of worship such as ecstatically clashing small cymbals together as they move in time to ancient rhythms.


Rangaji Temple : This temple dates to 1851 and is a mixture of architectural styles, comprising of a Rajput entrance gate, a soaring south Indian Gopuram (gateway tower), and an Italianate colonnade.

Iskcon Temple : This is one of the most splendid and most impressive temples in Vrindavan which was built with funds from devotees Vrindavan Tour Guide Indiaoverseas. The temple structure in itself is outstanding where the marble buildings almost radiate light and exhibit intricate carvings.

How to reach

By Air : The nearest airport is Agra around 67 km away from Vrindavan. There are regular flights to other important tourist destinations of India such as Delhi, Mumbai, Varanasi , and Khajuraho. The nearest international airport is Delhi, which is connected to almost every important city in the world with major airlines.


By Rail : Though Vrindavan itself is a railway station, the major railway station nearby is Mathura on the Delhi-Chennai and Delhi-Mumbai main line. Several express trains connect Mathura from other major cities of India like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Calcutta , and Agra. Three local trains leave Mathura Junction each day ( 6.30 am, 3.40 pm & 7.40 pm) for the station in the south of Vrindavan.


By Road : Vrindavan is connected to Mathura and all other places of interest in Braj by bus services and is on direct road link from Delhi and Agra. Getting to Vrindavan from Mathura is very easy as there are frequent buses, shared tempos, and taxis available throughout the day.

Vaishno Davi Pilgrimage India

India's most visited Hindu pilgrimage center is situated at Katra, 61 Km in the north of Jammu. Mata. It is seated on the Trikuta Mountain at an altitude of 5, 300 ft above the sea level. The shrine of Mata Vaishno Devi nestles in a cave of Himalayan Mountains in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The entrance to temple covers a stretched area of 13 km, thereby dragging into a compressed tunnel of running stream, known as ‘Char an Ganga’. Devotees stands in queue in the extended getaway of the temple and need to follow the passage through the cave so as to reach the holy sanatorium. During the winters the path gets clogged with snow and create obstacle to proceed on the Vaishno Devi pilgrimage yatra.

Legends Associated with Vaishno Devi
According to Hindu mythology, the name of the temple came after Vaishno Devi a devotee of Lord Vishnu,who used to pray Lord Rama and had attained purity in the name of her lord. Legends also says that Goddess Durga appeared in the form of Maha Kali and have killed the demon Bhairon in this very land. A common faith ties the pilgrims visiting the godly land. They believe that Goddess-Vaishno when calls her devotee, he or she has to march forward the temple from any corner of the world. It is said that the person under the blessing of Mata receives some extra-ordinary power of climbing the great heights of the mountain. They continue their religious trip with chanting 'Prem se bolo, Jai Mata Di' and create magic in the ambiance.

Dedicated to Godess Vaishno
The adorable home to Goddess Vaishno Devi sparkle with the presence of the three Pindis namely “Maha Kali”, “Maha Laxmi” and “Maha Sarawati”. The deity of Vaishno is represented in the configuration of a five and half feet tall rock structure and three Pin dies or heads. Each of her manifested form are located at a distance of 91 feet inside the cave. The Pindis are encircled with the spiritual symbol of 'Surya', 'Chander', 'Sinh Raj', 'Pashupatinath', 'Shiva' and 'Dhrupad Ji'. Interestingly, the each of the three form of one common Vaishno Devi has been opined differently. 'Maha Kali' represents Tam Gun and Tam stands for gloominess and unhappiness. 'Maha Lakshmi represents Raj Gun and Raj stands for livelihood, prosperousness and happiness 'Maha Saraswati represents Sat Va Gun and Sat va stands for pureness, righteousness and honesty

Vaishno Devi Pilgrimage Rituals
Vaishno Devi Temple is a door way to religious affair and tradition. One very important activity lies in the Aarti, performed by the Pujaries. It is performed twice a day with the morning sunrise and evening sunset. The ritual starts with the loud chanting of Mantra's, accompanied with uttering 108 names of Goddess Durga. Following this the Atam Puja is performed for their own purification.With applying Tilak on each other's forehead, the puja further continues with worshiping Prithvi, Surya, Deep and Dhoop. After a strong devotion of two hours the aarti ends up with a vow to Mata Maha Kali, Maha Lakshmi Vaishno Mata and Mata Maha Saraswati.

Divine Journey/ Pilgrimage Yatra to Vaishno Devi
The religious Pad Yatra( journey by foot) is a hard core task and calls for a for-hour climb. The yatra start up with the high steps of Katra, 13 km from the temple. Many devotees cover the distance by foot, whereas some opt for a hilarious ride on a pony or a horse. During their approach they refresh themselves with a halt in Banganga, 1 Km away from Katra and at the holy cave at Adhkawari, 6 Km from Katra. The roads are facilitated with drinking water and necessary items. Shops located along side at the entrance of the Bhawan are availed with glittering Chunri, coconuts and Darshan prasad. Yatris need to follow the system of issuing a token, in which the group number and the time for Darshen are mentioned.

Best time to Travel to Vaishno Devi
Dedicated to Goddess Vaishno Devi, this pilgrimage center is located in the rough terrain of Himalaya. Due to its geographical location, the area is pone to cold climate. The best time to make a Vaishno Devi trip is anytime between March-April and September-October.

More Attractions for Pilgrims
Ban Ganga Temple, Charan Paduka Temple and Ardh kuwari temple.

How to Reach:

Air:
The nearest airport is at Jammu (48 km from Katra). You can catch daily flights from Delhi and Srinagar.

Rail:
The nearest railway station is Jammu which directly connects Calcutta, Delhi and Kanyakumari.

Road:
Jammu is the terminus of a large number of Inter State Bus Services.

Jammu to Katra
Buses leave for Katra every 10 minutes from the main bus stand at Jammu between 5.30 am to 8.30 pm. During rush hour extra buses are pressed into service between Jammu and Katra.
You can hire private taxis between Jammu and Katra. These can be engaged from Jammu Airport, Jammu Railway Station and the Tourist Reception Centre in the city.

Vaishali Pilgrimage

Vaishali today is a small village known for its historical past. The epic Ramayana tells the story of the heroic King Vishal who ruled here. Historians maintain that one of the world's first democratic republics with an elected assembly of representatives flourished here in the 6th century. Vaishali, on the left bank of the Gandak river, is spiritually supreme : Lord Buddha visited this place frequently and at Kolhua, close by, preached his last sermon. One of the famous lion pillars have been erected here by Emperor Ashoka. A hundred years after the Mahaparinirvana of the Buddha - Vaishali hosted the second great Buddhist council. Jainism, too, has its origins in Vaishali, for in 527 B.C., Lord Mahavir was born here and lived in Vaishali till he was 22. Vaishali is then twice blessed and remains an important pilgrim centre for both Buddhists and Jains and other religions also.

Vaishali has a past that pre-dates recorded history. It is held that the town derives its name from King Vishal, whose heroic deeds are narrated in the Hindu epic Ramayana. However, history records that around the time Pataliputra was the centre of political activity in the Gangetic plains, Vaishali came into existence as centre of the Ganga, it was the seat of the Republic of Vajji. Vaishali is credited with being the World's First Republic to have a duly elected assembly of representatives and efficient administration.

The Chinese travellers Fa-Hien and Hieun Tsang also visited this place in early 5th and 7th centuries respectively and wrote about Vaishali.

While talking of the famous men and women associated with Vaishali, Amrapali was the cynosure not only of Vaishali but of the neighbouring kingdoms as well.

Therefore, to avert bloodshed, the parliament of Vaishali declared her to be a Court dancer besides consigning her to lifelong spinsterhood. Later she became a devout Buddhist and served the Lord Buddha.

Treasures of Vaishali :

Ashokan Pillar:
The Lion Pillar at kolhua, was built by Emperor Ashoka. It is made of a highly polished single piece of red sandstone, surmounted by bell shaped capital, 18.3m. high. A life-size figure of a lion is placed on top of the pillar. There is a small tank here known as Ramkund.

Bawan Pokhar Temple :
An old temple built in the Pala period stands on the northern bank of a tank known as Bawan Pokhar and enshrines beautiful images of several Hindu gods.

Buddha Stupa-I :
The exterior of this stupa which is now in a dilapidated condition has a plain surface. One-eighth of the sacred ashes of the Lord Buddha were enshrined here in a stone casket.

Buddha Stupa-II :
Excavation at this site in 1958 led to the discovery of another casket containing the ashes of the Lord Buddha.

Raja Vishal ka Garh :
A huge mound with a circumference about one Kilometre and walls nearly 2m. high with a 43m. wide moat around them, is said to be the ancient Parliament house. Over seven thousand representatives of the federal assembly gathered here to legislate and discuss the problems of the day.

Shanti Stupa :
On the south bank of the Coronation Tank built by Buddh Vehar Society.


Kundupur (Birth place of Lord Mahavira)
4km. It is believed that the Jain Tirthankar, Lord Mahavir was born over 2550 years ago. Mahavir is said to have spent the first 22 years of his life here.

Coronation Tank :
Coronation Tank or Abhishekh Pushkarni, Its water were believed to be sacred in the old days and all of Vaishali's elected representatives were anointed here before their swearing in.

Other places of Interest:

Chaumukhi Mahadeva, Harikatora Temple, Lotus Tank and Miranji-Ki-Dargah, Jain Temple etc.

Travel Info :

By Air : The nearest airport is Patna, 56 Km.

By Rail: Hajipur on the North Eastern Railway is the nearest railway station, 35 Km.


By Road: Vaishali is well connected by road to Patna (56 Km), Muzzaffarpur (36 Km) and Hajipur (35 Km).

Shravasti Pilgrimage

Sravasti is one of the eight most important pilgrimages of Buddhists. While Lord Buddha walked from Kapilavastu in Nepal to Sarnath in Uttar Pradesh, renounced the world and attained mahaparinirvana, he left behind a trail of footsteps which are revered till today. Sravasti is one such place. According to legend, it is here where Buddha confounded his critics by making them witness a miraculous million-fold self manifestation seated on a thousand-petalled lotus, as fire and water emanated from his body. The prophet of peace is also said to have spent 25 rainy seasons here, teaching people the essence of his gentle creed.

The religious character of Sravasti derives also from the fact that Lord Mahavira, the founder of Jainism, visited the town frequently. Apart from this, the city also finds mention in the epics Ramayana and Mahabharata as a prosperous city of the Kosala Kingdom. The mythological king Sravasta, is said to have founded it.

Excavations at Sravasti have also revealed two pillars raised here by Emperor Ashoka, the great Indian King who was largely responsible for spreading the word of Buddhism. The pillars, which lie at the eastern gate of Jetavana, mark Ashoka's pilgrimage to the city.

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Essentially a temple town, Sravasti will take one back in time, bring somewhat closer to the soul of a civilization which has been there, for five thousand years, or more.

Excursions (Shravasti)

Devi Patan Temple : 28 Km. One of the most important Shaktipeeth in the entire region, it is revered by Hindu devotees of India and Nepal.

Shobhanath Temple : The `Shobhanath' temple is believed to be the birth place of Jain tirthankar 'Sambhavanath', making Shravasti an important centre for the Jains.

Maheth: Identified with the remains of the city, Maheth covers an area of about 400 acres. Excavations have exposed the massive gates of the city, ramparts and also the ruins of other structures, which stand testimony to the prosperity of ancient Sravasti. The Sobhanath Temple is located here. Pakki Kuti and Kacchi Kuti were probably Buddhist shrines, before they were converted into Brahmanical temples.


Saheth: Known primarily as the site of the Jetavana monastery, Saheth covers an area of 32 acres. Lying about a quarter of a mile to the south - west of Maheth, it became an important place of pilgrimage, adorned with numerous shrines, stupas and monasteries. The stupas belong mostly to the Kushana period, while the temples are in the Gupta style.

Rishikesh Pilgrimage

Rishikesh, also known as the 'place of sages' is Haridwar, at the confluence of the Chandrabhaga and Ganga. It is believed that God by the name of 'Hrishikesh' had appeared as an answer to the hard penances by Rabhiya Rishi and henceforth the place derived its name.

It is the starting point for the Char dham pilgrims but also for the people who are interested in meditation, yoga and other aspects of Hinduism. For the adventure seekers, rishikesh is the suggested place for starting their trekking expeditions to the Himalayan peaks and for rafting. Also, International Yoga Week which attracts participation form across the world, is held here, every year, in February on the banks of the Ganga.

Rishikesh is one of the most popular pilgrim centres and gateway to the Himalayan Shrines of Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri and Yamunotri. The Yoga Centres of Rishikesh have enhanced the significance of the place.

From this point on, the great Ganges leaves behind her mountain home and enters the vast plains of Northern India.

Best Season to Visit :

No such season that could be specified as the best time to visit Rishikesh, as being in the hilly region, the climate of this place always remains pleasant.

Shopping in Rishikesh :

Being a pilgrimage place, the glamour of big shop bargains are absent but Rishikesh offers you handicraft items made of shells, beads and pearls. Sarees, kurtas, sheets and rugs can be purchased from here. You can buy these items from the government approved U.P handloom shop, Khadi Bhandar, Garhwal wool and craft shop etc.

Tourist Attractions :

Bharat Mandir, Rishikesh TravelBharat Mandir : Built by Adiguru Shankra Chrya arround 12th centuray, Bharat mandir is situated in the heart of the old town on the Banks of the Ganges. Detailed account of this oldest temple of Rishikesh are available in anciant record of Kearkhand. The Inner sanctum of the temple has the idol of lord Vishnu, carved out of a single Saligram. In the inner canopy above the idol is shree yantra installed by Adi Sankraya Charya. The original temple was destroyed by Tamur lane in 1398 A.D. Lot of old statues , coins, pots and other things of historical importance were found in recent excavatiions in the premises of the temple.

Rishikund : Close to Trivenighat is the most anciant place, the rishikund. Anciant records relate this to Kubz Saint , who was blessed by the Goddess Yamuna by saturating this pond by its water.The pond reflects the temple of Ragunath , deicated to lord rama and his wife.


Triveni Ghat, Rishikesh TravelTriveni Ghat : The main ghat in the town area where most of the pilgrims take holy dip. Every evening hundreds of pilgrims attend the Ganga Arti at the Ghat.

Geeta Bhawan : One of the oldest temple complex in the area. The famous Indian epic Ramayana and Mahabharta are described here on the walls.

Tera Manzil Temple : A multistory temple complex of idols of hindu Gods, and Goddesses. Very popular among the domestic pilgrims. One can have an excellent view of the entire area from the top floor of the temple complex. Sunset view from this place in winters is a excellent option.

Getting to Rishikesh :

The holy city Rishikesh is easily accessible from all important cities of India by air, rail and road.


 By Air - Jolly Grant Airport of Dehradun is the nearest one to Rishikesh and is at a distance of 24 km.

By Rail - Rishikesh railway station is connected to some of the major towns and cities of India. One can also reach Rishikesh via Haridwar.

By Road - An excellent network of roads link the city to all major towns of Uttranchal and surrounding areas. State Transports Corporation has bus services to almost all main cities of North India.

By Local Transport - Auto rickshaws, cycle rickshaws and taxis are easily available in Rishikesh.

Rajgir Pilgrimage

It is located in the Indian state of Bihar about 60 km southeast of the capital Patna. Rajgir is famous for its rock caves, forts, Buddhist ruins, shell inscriptions, Hindu and Jain temples and Muslim tombs. The place is well connected with the rest of Bihar and eastern India through railway and roads.

The climate of Rajgir, like other parts of the Gangetic plains is extreme. The summer months from April to July is hot and humid here and the average temperature can reach about 45 ° C and relative humidity up to about 80 percent. The winters are cold with night temperatures average around 10 ° C. Generally, the average temperature stays around 20 ° C. Monsoon touches this region in July / August and continues until September.

Places of Interest :

Viswa Shanti Stupa/ Peace Pagoda

This is situated on Mt Ratnagiri and is the main focus of Buddhist attention in Rajgir. A chair lift gets you to the top where the new Japanese-built Viswa Shanti or Peace stupa stands. This is an immense white structure that is visible for miles around. Four gold statues -- one on each side -- recall the Buddha's birth, enlightenment, teachings and death. The Stupa is open daily from 9 am to 1 pm, and from 3 to 5 pm.


Gridhrakuta/Vulture's Peak

This is possibly the holiest place in Rajgir. Despite its name, this is actually half-way down the mountain. From the stupa, a small path winds down the side of the mountain; take the first left to reach Vulture's Peak. It marks the site where the Buddha set in motion his Second Wheel of Law. It was also a favourite monsoon retreat of the Buddha, who preached a number of sermons and is said to have converted the Magadha king Bimbisara here.


Bimbisara's Jail

This is on the way out to Ratnagiri and is where King Bimbisara was imprisoned and eventually executed by his son and successor Ajatasatru. The king is supposed to have chosen the site of his own incarceration - from where he could look out and watch the Buddha meditate and teach.


Saptaparni Cave

This cave is just outside of town on Vaibhara hill. The first Buddhist Council gathered here shortly after the Buddha's death to compile his teachings in writing. The Pippala Cave is nearby; this was once used as a watchtower and later as an abode for hermits.


Jain shrines

These are located at the foot of Vaibhara Hill, and have been built around 22 hot springs.


Ajatasatru's Fort

This was built in the 5th century BC. The outer wall was constructed of stone blocks upto one and a half metres long. Bastions provided additional strength to the outer side, while on the inner side, ramps gave access to the top. Watch-towers were added later to strengthen the fort.

History

Rajgir (Rajagriha) was the ancient capital city of the Magadha kings (before Pataliputra) in the 6th century BC. The capital was moved to Pataliputra by King Ajatasatru, who first imprisoned and then murdered his father, King Bimbisara in Rajgir. The Buddha often came here to meditate at the Jivkamaravana monastery, set in a beautiful orchard. He also converted King Bimbisara and some of his subjects to Buddhism. Mahavira, the founder of Jainism also spent time preaching in Rajgir, making this a pilgrimage site for Jains as well.

Climate :

The climate of Rajgir like the other parts of the Gangetic plains is extreme. The summer months from April to July are hot and humid here and the average temperature can reach approximately 45°C and the relative humidity can go up to around 80 percent. Winters are cold with the average night temperature at around 10°C. Normally, the average temperature stays around 20°C. Monsoon touches this region in July/August and continues till September.


Travel Information :

By Air : The nearest airport for Rajgir is Patna. There are regular flights for Delhi, Calcutta, Varanasi, Lucknow, Mumbai, and Katmandu from this airport. The nearest international airport is Calcutta.

By Rail : Rajgir is on a branch line of Eastern Railway and there are daily trains to Patna and other places nearby.

By Road : There are regular buses from Patna, Nalanda, Gaya, and Bodhgaya to Rajgir. One can arrange for guided tour packages to Rajgir from Patna.